Neurologic complications occur in more than 40% of patients
with HIV infection. They are the presenting features of AIDS in 10-20% of cases.1
The access to the AIDS treatment has improved leading to
decreased mortality in last decade but the spread of infection is still high.
Types of CNS
complications
Brain may be affected
by a variety of abnormalities in association with HIV infection. . Opportunistic
infections depend upon the clinical stage of the disease, viral load and CD4+
Lymphocyte count.
AIDS patients are more prone for vasculitis
causing stroke leading to Transient Ischemic Attack ( TIA) , infarct and hemorrhages in brain and
vascular myelopathy.
HIV- associated
neurocognitive disorder
HIV encephalitis also called AIDS- dementia complex ( ADC )
, is a progressive subcortical dementia.
CNS Lymphoma
Progressive Multifocal
Leukoencephalopathy ( PML)
Fungal Infections ( e.g.
Cryptococcal meningitis)
Tubercular meningitis,
Toxoplasmosis, Neurocysticercosis, Cytomegalovirus ( CMV) encephalitis
Kaposi Sarcoma , Peripheral neuropathies
DIAGNOSIS
To diagnose CNS involvement in AIDS , CT scan or MRI with
contrast with MR spectroscopy is very useful tool . Other investigations like CSF
study and stereotactic biopsy are needed depending upon the type of
involvement.
http://www.dirjournal.org/pdf
( Diag Interv Radiol 2010; 16:193-200)
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS
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